| This
exciting reader acquaints students with the contemporary experiences of
racial and ethnic groups in America and delves into debates over controversial
issues of the day. It offers 46 definitive contributions by leading scholars
and opinionmakers in race and ethnic studies. These selections introduce
students to cutting edge ideas and research on race and ethnicity in America.
This anthology presents
powerfully argued positions on key issues from diverse perspectives, chosen
because they galvanize classroom discussion and stimulate student reflection.
Thought provoking introductions to each section and each article guide
the reader and ease instruction by identifying central issues and raising
critical questions for students to consider. This collection's geographically
diverse coverage includes:
- gender and
ethnicity
- the negotiation
of racial and ethnic identities
- new forms of
prejudice and discrimination
- tensions among
racial and ethnic minorities
- immigration
issues and border enforcement
- higher education
and campus segregation
- minority group
poverty and economic success
- the future
of affirmative action
Table of Contents
1. The Continuing
Significance of Race: Antiblack Discrimination in Public Places
Joe R. Feagin
Feagin examines
the range of discriminatory practices that confront middle class African
Americans in public places, and the strategies they use to cope.
2. A Dozen Demons
Ellis Cose
Cose identifies
twelve ways in which stereotyping and subtle racism hinder progress and
undermine self confidence of African Americans in corporate America.
3. The Cost of
Racial and Class Exclusion in the Inner City
Loic J.D. Wacquant
and William Julius Wilson
The authors link
increasing urban social problems to the loss of inner-city job opportunities,
resulting in declining social networks and community institutions.
4. Living Poor:
Family Life Among Single-Parent, African American Women
Robin L. Jarrett
Challenging conventional
portraits of poor African American single mothers, Jarrett demonstrates
that many of these women share the family values and lifestyle goals of their
middle class counterparts.
5. Black Leadership
and Racial Integration: Army Lessons for American Society
Charles C. Moskos
and John Sibley Butler
Moskos and Butler
report on the history and positive features of race relations within the
U.S. Army. Analyzing these experiences, the authors distill a series of
lessons that may be applicable to other institutions in American society.
6. Cubans and the
Changing Economy of Miami
Marifeli Perez-Stable
and Miren Uriarte
The authors document
the comparative entrepreneurial and socioeconomic success of Cuban Americans
in Miami, offering a historical explanation for the distinctive experience
of this segment of the Latino population.
7. The Other Underclass
Nicholas Lemann
Lemann discusses
the emergence of the impoverished Puerto Rican underclass in New York
City and the sociopolitical forces sustaining that community's status
quo.
8. Chicanas in
White Collar Jobs: "You Have to Prove Yourself More"
Denise Segura
Based on in-depth
interviews with women in clerical and other white and pink collar occupations,
this selection explores the opportunities and problems that confront middle
class Mexican American women.
9. Decision Making
Within the Working Class
Norma Williams
Williams examines
patterns of gender roles, gender equity, and decision making in a sample
of working class Mexican American couples.
10. Language, National
Identity, and the Ethnic Label Hispanic
Suzanne Oboler
The author investigates
and interprets experiences of immigrants from Central and South America
and the Caribbean, focusing particularly on the role of language, national
origin, and personal outlooks in the adoption and formation of ethnic identity.
11. The Success
Image of Asian Americans: Its Validity and Its Practical and Theoretical
Implications
Won Moo Hurh
and Kwang Chung Kim
Hurh and Kim empirically
analyze the "model minority" stereotype assigned to Asian Americans, as
well as the potentially damaging effects of this "success" image.
12. The Growth
of Korean Immigrant Entrepreneurship in Chicago
In Jin Yoon
Yoon focuses on
expanding Korean business activity in several Chicago communities and identifies
several factors and entrepreneurial practices that fueled this growth.
13. The Other Half
of the Sky: Socioeconomic Adaptation of Immigrant Women
Min Zhou
Zhou explores the
economic roles of immigrant Chinese women and the way labor-force participation
relates to childrearing and other aspects of family life.
14. Coming Together:
The Asian American Movement
Yen Espiritu
The author examines
the origins of panethnic Asian American identity on the West Coast, tracing
the historical emergence of this social movement.
15. Federal Indian
Identification Policy: A Usurpation of Indigenous Sovereignty in North
America
M. Annette Jaimes
Jaimes shows how
the government tightly controls who qualifies as a Native American, suggesting
these policies cause tribes to lose official members, assets, and rights.
16. American Indian
Ethnic Renewal: Politics and the Resurgence of Identity
Joane Nagel
Nagel examines
the social and political underpinnings of the current resurgence of interest
in Native American identity and discusses the implications of this renewal.
17. How Giveaways
and Pow Wows Redistribute the Means of Subsistence
John H. Moore
This contribution
discusses giveaways and pow wows in detail. Based on field research among
Oklahoma Native Americans, the author analyzes the economic significance
of these practices for the surrounding communities.
18. How to Succeed
in Business: Follow the Choctaws' Lead
Fergus M. Bordewich
In contrast to
the grim news about the dire economic straits facing Native Americans
around the country, Bordewich calls attention to the diverse, independent,
and successful economic ventures of the Choctaw in Mississippi.
19. The Costs of
a Costless Community
Mary C. Waters
Waters examines
the increasingly voluntary, situational character of European American
ethnic identities, revealing the implications for U.S. race relations.
20. Jewishness
in America: Ascription and Choice
Walter Zenner
This selection
focuses on change and continuity in the ethno religious identities and
practices of contemporary Jewish Americans.
21. What Is a Southerner?
Regional Consciousness
John Shelton
Reed
Reed elaborates
on the parallels and interface between regional consciousness and ethnic
consciousness among white southern Americans.
22. Pictures in
the Mind
Paul M. Sniderman
and Thomas Piazza
Sniderman and Piazza
demonstrate the continuing salience of anti-African American stereotypes
among a large segment of the American public. They explore the roots and
policy implications of these negative racial images.
23. Cognitive and
Motivational Bases of Bias: Implication of Aversive Racism for Attitudes
Toward Hispanics
John Dovidio,
Samuel Gaertner, Phyllis Anastasio, and Raysid Sanitioso
The authors review
various psychosocial theories of prejudice, focusing specifically on their
implications for anti-Latino attitudes.
24. Cultural Differences
and Discrimination: Samoans Before a Public Housing Eviction Board
Richard Lempert
and Karl Monsma
Lempert and Monsma
analyze data on Samoans appearing before public housing eviction boards
in Hawaii, probing the fuzzy boundary between legitimate cultural differences
and discriminatory practices.
25. Stereotypes
and Segregation: Neighborhoods in the Detroit Area
Reynolds Farley,
Charlotte Steeh, Maria Krysan, Tara Jackson, and Keith Reeves
Using data from
the Detroit Area Study, this selection examines whites' willingness to
reside in neighborhoods of varied racial composition and links residential
preferences with racial stereotypes.
26. Local Gatekeeping
Practices and Residential Segregation
Judith N. DeSena
DeSena examines
the role of neighbors in restricting information about housing vacancies,
recruiting new home buyers and tenants, and other means of informal "gatekeeping"
that maintain patterns of residential segregation.
27. Making Contact?
Black White Interaction in an Urban Setting
Lee Sigelman,
Timothy Bledsoe, Susan Welch, and Michael Combs
Sigelman et al.
investigate patterns of interracial contact and friendship, suggesting
that high levels of residential segregation and other institutional barriers
impede contact and thereby contribute to the persistence of negative racial
stereotypes.
28. Equal Chances
versus Equal Results
Seymour Martin
Lipset
Lipset reviews
the history of affirmative action, with particular focus on the current
political debates and the reassessment of this tool in the struggle for
racial equality.
29. Affirmative
Action and the Legacy of Racial Injustice
Ira Glasser
In this selection,
Glasser defines three broad types of affirmative action initiatives, notes
several common objections to such programs, and develops a spirited moral
defense of the principle of affirmative action.
30. Affirmative
Action: The Price of Preference
Shelby Steele
Steele criticizes
affirmative action programs, contending that such well-intentioned efforts
undermine African American self esteem and stigmatize the achievements of
all African Americans.
31. Educational
Equity and the Problem of Assessment
Alexander Astin
Astin provides
an overview of some of the obstacles confronting African Americans in
higher education, with a fresh perspective on the broader role of colleges
and universities in promoting educational equity.
32. The Recoloring
of Campus Life: Student Racism, Academic Pluralism, and the End of a Dream
Shelby Steele
Steele decries
the resegregation and cultural balkanization that may result from heightened
racial sensitivities on college campuses.
33. The Continuing
Significance of Racism: Discrimination Against Black Students in White
Colleges
Joe R. Feagin
Feagin presents
evidence that African American students continue to confront both subtle
and overt forms of discrimination on predominantly white campuses.
34. Race and Crime
Trends in the United States, 1946-1990
Gary LaFree
In this article
LaFree documents the expanding gap between white and African American crime
rates over the past five decades. He summarizes the major explanations
of these trends, as well as the evidence bearing upon each.
35. Racial Politics,
Racial Disparities, and the War on Crime
Michael Tonry
Tonry offers a
challenge to current crime control policies, noting their inegalitarian
impulses and destructive effects on African American communities.
36. Persistent
Poverty, Crime, and Drugs: The U.S.-Mexican Border Region
Avelardo Valdez
Valdez explores
the connections between poverty, drug trafficking, and other types of crime
in the barrios of Laredo, Texas.
37. The Turbulent
Friendship: Black-Jewish Relations in the 1990s
Milton D. Morris
and Gary E. Rubin
Morris and Rubin
collaborate to report on the tensions between African Americans and Jews
in America, as well as possible strategies for rebuilding the once powerful
alliance between these two groups.
38. The Korean
Black Conflict and the State
Paul Ong, Kye
Young Park, and Yasmin Tang
Ong et al. outline
the history and socioeconomic roots of conflicts between Koreans and African
Americans in Los Angeles, noting the lasting effects of the riot of 1991
on Korean African American relations in that city.
39. A Year to Remember:
The Riot and the Haitians
Alejandro Portes
and Alex Stepick
This selection
presents a portrait of multiracial, multiethnic Miami, underscoring the
tense and competitive social, economic, and political relations among Cuban
Americans, African Americans, and new Haitian emigres.
40. The Significance
of Recent Immigration Policy Reforms in the United States
Frank D. Bean
and Michael Fix
Bean and Fix discuss
the implications of contemporary changes in U.S. immigration policies.
Although they focus mainly on the 1986 and 1990 legislation, their conclusions
are also germane to more recent reforms.
41. Border Enforcement
and Human Rights Violations in the Southwest
Timothy J. Dunn
Dunn focuses attention
on the impact of new enforcement strategies on human rights violations
against legal and undocumented Latino immigrants in border communities.
42. Immigration
Has Consequences: Economics
Peter J. Brimelow
Brimelow argues
that high levels of immigration in recent decades have lowered average skills
in America's work force, resulting in a mismatch between skills and job
opportunities--and an increasing taxpayer burden.
43. Thinking Through
Race
Ruth Frankenburg
The author examines
how women construct the meaning of whiteness in their life experiences,
and the role that perceptions of African Americans plays in these constructions.
44. Ethnic and
Racial Identities of Second Generation Black Immigrants in New York City
Mary C. Waters
Waters explores
the ways in which the children of immigrants from the Caribbean develop
distinctive ethnic and racial identities, and the various social factors
that shape this self definition process.
45. Pacific Islander
Americans and Multiethnicity: A Vision of America's Future?
Paul R. Spickard
and Rowena Fong
The authors present
a wealth of information about the multiethnic identities developed by many
Hawaiians and offer a new paradigm for American self-understanding.
46. The New Second
Generation: Segmented Assimilation and Its Variants
Alejandro Portes
and Min Zhou
Portes and Zhou
examine the impact of social context and economic opportunity structure
on patterns of assimilation by the children of various immigrant groups.
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