| This unique
collection of highly readable articles offers a fresh, alternative approach
to teaching deviance. Articles were chosen that will pique student interest
and stimulate lively class discussion by challenging preconceived notions
of deviance and people labeled as "deviant."
Benefits of Deviance
and Deviants: An Anthology to students and instructors are as follows:
- This is not
a "typical" deviance anthology. It does not include the classic selections
usually found in most readers. Rather, it features less widely known empirical
pieces selected on the basis of their compelling descriptions of deviant
behavior - both from top journals and from sources outside the mainstream.
- The book is organized
around themes of behavior rather than theoretical perspectives or concepts.
The articles examine drugs, sex, medicine, relationships, sports, work,
and deviant subcultures, providing students with a basis for grasping central
sociological ideas.
- Coverage includes
such topics as rape, transgender behavior, and child abuse - as well as
a variety of types of deviance that touch closer to home for many students:
sports deviance, student drinking, mistreatment of the elderly, stuttering,
cheating among college students, and faculty malfeasance.
- Brief, thought-provoking
introductions are provided for each article, framing the piece in a larger
context in terms of conceptual and theoretical issues.
Table of Contents
SECTION I:
SUBSTANCE USE AND ABUSE
Introduction
1. The Intangible
Rewards From Crime: The Case of Domestic Marijuana Cultivation,
Ralph Weisheit
Weisheit draws on
interviews with commercial marijuana growers to explain non-economic motives
for criminal behavior.
2. The Experiences
of Women Who Sell Crack: Some Descriptive Data from the Detroit Crack Ethnography
Project,
Tom Mieczkowski
In this article,
the author draws on a sample of women crack cocaine dealers in Detroit,
Michigan, to examine their coping strategies in a male-dominated world.
3. The Motives
and Mechanics of Operating an Illegal Drug Enterprise,
Lise-Marie VanNostrand
and Richard Tewksbury
VanNostrand and Tewksbury
report on interviews with street-level drug dealers on how they organize
their business operations, emphasizing ways in which an illicit business
is similar to a legal business.
4. Who's Driving?
College Students' Choices of Transportation Home After Drinking,
Laura K. McCormick
and John Ureda
McCormick and Ureda
employ survey data to examine how and when students put themselves at risk
for drunk driving accidents and how they rationalize driving drunk or riding
with a drunk driver.
SECTION II:
SEXUAL DEVIATIONS
Introduction
5. Cruising for
Sex in Public Places: The Structure and Language of Men's Hidden, Erotic
Worlds,
Richard Tewksbury
In this article,
Tewksbury reports on interviews with men who seek sex with other men in
public parks, analyzing the roles and interactions of the participants
in this form of secretive behavior.
6. Dial-a-Porn
Recordings: The Role of the Female Participant in Male Sexual Fantasies,
Jack Glascock
and Robert LaRose
Contradicting popular
beliefs, Glascock and LaRose report on the content of 82 dial-a-porn recordings
and find that violence and dominance are roles played by women in this industry.
7. Dominance and
Inequality in X-Rated Videocassettes,
Gloria Cowan,
Carole Lee, Daniella Levy, and Debra Snyder
Cowan, Lee, Levy,
and Snyder find that dominance and violence against women in X-rated videos
is a common theme in pornography--a growing and popular industry that may
influence gender relations.
8. Rape Myths and
Violence Against Street Prostitutes,
Jody Miller and
Martin D. Schwartz
In their interviews
with street prostitutes, Miller and Schwartz determine that, although violence
against prostitutes is common, the public often believes that these individuals
cannot be raped and that because they are prostitutes they deserve to be
raped.
9. Boy-Lovers and
Their Influence on Boys: Distorted Research and Anecdotal Observations,
Edward Brongersma
In this controversial
article, Brongersma draws on qualitative research to argue that, contrary
to popular beliefs, sex with children is not always harmful, and in fact,
may have beneficial effects for young boys.
SECTION III:
MEDICALIZED FORMS OF DEVIANCE
Introduction
10. Making Myself
Understood: The Labeling Theory of Deviance Applied to Stuttering,
Elizabeth Hottle
Drawing on personal
experience, Hottle examines the ways that a stutterer is looked at by society,
and how these reactions affect the deviant individual.
11. Food is My
Best Friend: Self-Justifications and Weight-Loss Efforts,
Cliff English
Relying on participant-observation
research with weight-loss therapy groups, English looks at the ways in which
some people blame their physical size on medical factors beyond their control.
12. The Medical
Construction of Gender: Case Management of Intersexed Infants,
Suzanne Kessler
Kessler reports on
interviews with medical experts who specialize in the treatment of infants
whose sex is not identifiable at birth and describes how doctors assign
a sex.
13. The Stigma
of Involuntary Childlessness,
Charlene E. Miall
In this article,
Miall uses interviews to explore the strategies some women adopt to explain
their childlessness and reduce the stigmas associated with infertility.
14. Genetic Essentialism
and Social Deviance,
Susan Kelly
Kelly discusses gay
men and lesbian women's acceptance of medical explanations for homosexuality
and explores the potential pitfalls in such an approach.
SECTION IV:
INTIMATE FORMS OF VIOLENCE
Introduction
15. How Women Define
Their Experiences of Violence,
Liz Kelly
In her analysis of
interviews with survivors of sexual abuse, Kelly shows how women's perceptions
of their sexual victimization are influenced by language and stereotypes
about rape as well as other forms of abuse.
16. Rural Woman
Abuse: The Voices of Kentucky Women,
Neil Websdale
In this selection,
Websdale describes rural women's experiences with domestic violence and
explains how rural cultural belief systems influence perceptions of battering.
17. Defining Elder
Mistreatment in Four Ethnic Groups Across Two Generations,
Georgia J. Anetzberger,
Jill E. Korbin, and Susan K. Tomita
Anetzberger, Korbin,
and Tomita interview senior citizens and their caregivers from four ethnic
groups, then report on differences in how the culture of each group affects
its perceptions of elder abuse.
18. Definition
of Roles in Abusive Lesbian Relationships,
Becky Marrujo
and Mary Kreger
In this article,
Marrujo and Kreger examine data from counseling sessions with lesbians
in abusive relationships. The authors find that the roles of victim and
offender are less clearly defined than commonly believed.
19. Avengers, Conquerors,
Playmates, and Lovers: Roles Played by Child Sexual Abuse Perpetrators,
Jane Gilgun
In interviews with
incarcerated child sexual abusers, Gilgun demonstrates that not all persons
who sexually abuse children do so in similar ways, nor for the same reasons.
20. Motives of
Men Who Rape,
Robert Hale
This article uses
interviews with men imprisoned for rape to explore the rationales that rapists
use to justify their actions and explain their reasons for sexually assaulting
women.
SECTION V:
DEVIANT SPORTS
Introduction
21. Gender, Sport,
and the Construction of Community: A Case Study from Women's Hockey,
Nancy Theberge
Based on data from
participant-observation and interviews, Theberge examines the ways in which
women hockey players manage gender issues in a traditionally masculine environment.
22. Misogyny On
and Off the 'Pitch': The Gendered World of Male Rugby Players,
Steven P. Schacht
Schacht draws on
participant-observation data to explore the hyper-masculine world of rugby
players, in which masculinity is often defined by objectifying and demeaning
women and homosexuality.
23. Knives and
Gaffs: Definitions in the Deviant World of Cockfighting,
Steven K. Worden
and Donna K. Darden
Drawing on interviews
and observations with persons involved in cockfighting, Worden and Darden
argue that even within a deviant setting, some participants are defined
as more deviant than others.
24. Male Student-Athletes
and Violence against Women: A Survey of Campus Judicial Affairs Offices,
Todd W. Crosset,
James Ptacek, Mark A. McDonald, and Jeffrey R. Benedict
Drawing on official
university records, these authors conclude that male student-athletes are
significantly more involved in acts of violence against women than are other
male college students.
SECTION VI:
DEVIANT OCCUPATIONS/DEVIANCE IN OCCUPATIONS
Introduction
25. The Anatomy
of a Deception: Fraud and Finesse in the Mock Auction Sales 'Con,'
Collin Clark and
Trevor Pinch
These authors show
how scam operators create an impression of normal business operations and
how they manage deviance as a team.
26. Male Street
Hustling: Introduction Processes and Stigma Containment,
Thomas C. Calhoun
Calhoun's interviews
with teenage males describe how they enter and manage their work as prostitutes
and how they avoid being discredited as deviants.
27. Neutralization
and Deviance in the Workplace: Theft of Supplies and Medicines by Hospital
Nurses,
Dean Dabney
Drawing on interviews
with nurses, Dabney shows us that deviance is not restricted to the underworld
and how professionals rationalize deviant behavior.
28. The Influence
of Situational Ethics on Cheating Among College Students,
Donald L. McCabe
McCabe's survey data
demonstrate that most college students have cheated at least once; that
students know cheating is wrong; and that they justify their deviant behavior
by arguing that in certain situations it is normal and appropriate.
29. Faculty Malfeasance:
Understanding Academic Deviance,
John W. Heeren
and David Shichor
Heeren and Shichor
identify and discuss deviant behavior among university professors, concluding
that deviance may result from occupational pressures and can be found in
almost any job.
SECTION VII:
DEVIANT SUBCULTURES
Introduction
30. Women in Outlaw
Motorcycle Gangs,
Columbus Hopper
and Johnny Moore
By examining the
position of women in a deviant subculture, Hopper and Moore show how marginalized
groups embrace mainstream values and take them to extremes.
31. Beyond White
Pride: Identity, Meaning, and Contradiction in the Canadian Skinhead Subculture,
Kevin Young and
Laura Craig
Young and Craig explore
the values and norms of a deviant subculture, debunking common stereotypes
about skinheads and demonstrating, in fact, that some groups maintain mainstream
values, norms, and activities.
32. Queer Punk
Fanzines: Identity, Community, and the Articulation of Homosexuality and
Hardcore,
Mark Fenster
Using content analysis,
Fenster explores how members of a subculture made up of individuals with
two conflicting identities rely on a magazine to provide a sense of community
and social support.
33. The Magazine
of a Sadomasochism Club: The Tie That Binds,
Rick Houlberg
Houlberg looks at
the role a magazine can play in creating a subculture among readers and helping
marginalized individuals gain an affirmation of identity.
34. Just Every
Mother's 'Angel': An Analysis of Gender and Ethnic Variations in Youth Gang
Membership,
Karen A. Joe and
Meda Chesney-Lind
In this article,
the authors look at how teenagers are drawn to gangs in search of a sense
of family, community, and normalcy.
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