COMMUNITY POLICING IN A COMMUNITY ERA
An Introduction and Exploration
First Edition
Quint Thurman, Southwest Texas State University
Jihong Zhao, University of Nebraska at Omaha
Andrew Giacomazzi, Boise State University 
ISBN: 1-891487-31-0
Instructor Manual Available
© 2001, hardcover, 322 pages
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Community Policing in a Community Era (An Introduction and Exploration), 1st ed.
In the most understandable and comprehensive text to date on the subject of community policing, the authors trace the historical development of American policing through the community era of present day. They introduce readers to the concept of community in modern society and explore changes in the function and legitimacy of police organizations. The text offers numerous highlighted commentaries in every chapter from police officers, deputy sheriffs, chiefs, and other practitioners as well as noted police scholars. These real-world examples illustrate themes and issues to students.

Community Policing in a Community Era emphasizes agency leadership, problem-solving, community engagement, coactive policing, organizational change, and strategic planning.

Key topics include:

  • A history of American policing
  • Policing at a time of change
  • Why police organizations change
  • Community policing in action
  • The role of leaders and managers
  • Community engagement
  • Selecting and training employees for community policing
  • Implementing community policing
  • Evaluating community policing
  • The future of community policing
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Forward by Anthony V. Bouza
 
1. An Introduction to the Idea of Community Policing
Setting the Stage
America Is Organized for Crime
Community Policing: A Sensical Response to Social Problems
Defining Community Policing
Defining Community Policing According to Four Perspectives
PERF's Five Perspectives of Community Policing
A New Definition of Community Policing
Limitations in Defining Community Policing
Criticisms of Community Policing
Organization of This Book
 
2. A History of American Policing
The Concept of Policing in America
The Difficulty of Policing in a Democracy
The British Origins of Policing
Modern Policing in England
Policing in Early America
Police Corruption During the Political Era
Reform and Police Professionalism
The Effects of the Police Professionalization Movement
Urban Racial Violence
Improving Police-Public Relations Through Team Policing
Conclusion: From Team Policing to Community Policing
 
3. The Community
The Difficulty of Defining Community
Social Evolution and the Need for Community
Communitarianism as a Response to Individualism and the Problem of Careless Neighbors
The "Moral Voice" and "Shared Values" of Communities
Community Defined From a Communitarian Perspective
Individual Versus Group Needs in a Community Setting
Communitarianism as a Social Movement
Great Expectations
 
4. Policing at a Time of Change
Setting the Stage for Change
The Concept of Organizational Change
Levels of Organizational Change
Understanding Organizational Change as a Process
Four Models of Change
Three Eras of Change in the History of American Policing
Seven Indicators
The Political Era
The Professional Era
The Community Era
Characteristics of Organizational Change
 
5. Why Police Organizations Change
The Role of Theory
The Contingency School
Typology of Organizations: Organic Versus
Mechanic Organizations
Primary Factors Identified in the External Environment
Contingency Theories and Community Policing: Why Change?
The Nature of Demand from the External Environment
Community Policing as a Police Response to the Demands of the External Environment:
Examples of Responses
Conclusion
 
6. Community Policing in Action
Is Community Policing Real?
Acceptance and Support of Community Policing Philosophy Among Law Enforcement Executives
Community Policing Buy-In
Structural and Managerial Change
Community Policing Outcomes
Executives' Attitudes Toward Community Policing
Community Policing Implementation: Actual Programs
Externally Focused Change
Internally Focused Change
The Role of the Federal Government in Promoting Community Policing
Successful Cases of Community Policing Programs
Conclusion
 
7. Organizational Environment and the Implementation of Community Policing Among Leaders and Management
Research on the Organizational Environment of the Police
The Role of the Chief
The Role of Middle Management
Organizational Structure
Selling the Community Policing Model to the Troops
Organizational Culture as a Determinant of Change
Conclusion
 
8. Selecting and Training Employees to Do Community Policing
Hiring for Success: What Kind of Officer Do We Really Want Anyway?
Explaining the Law Enforcement Perspective Among Uniformed Personnel
Traditional Hiring Practices
Recruitment
Assessment
Training for Success
Field Training
In-Service Training
Concluding Remarks
 
9. Motivational Strategies and Management Styles for Community Policing
Viewing Citizens as Customers
Motivational Theories for Understanding Police Personnel
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Herzberg's Motivation and Hygiene Factors
McClelland's Achievement-Power Theory
Adam's Equity Theory
Vroom's Expectancy Theory
How Employees Are Viewed: McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y
Ouchi's Theory Z
Organizational Change to Community Policing: Factors Leading to Increased Employee Motivation
Organizational Culture
Reward System
The Nature of the Employee's Job
Participatory Management Styles
Total Quality Management
Situational Leadership Theory
Conclusion
 
10. Implementation: Doing Community Policing on Purpose
Ingredients for Successful Community Policing Implementation
Strategic Planning
The Strategic Plan
Barriers to Strategic Planning
Community Assessment
Problem Solving
Community Engagement
Conclusion
 
11. Evaluating Community Policing Effectiveness
Why Evaluation?
The Nature of Evaluations: Outputs, Outcomes, and Impacts
Types of Evaluations
Intuitive Versus Scientific Evaluation
Passive Versus Active
Narrow Versus Broad Evaluations
Summative Versus Formative Evaluations
Insiders Versus Outsiders
Redefining Success: The Emergence of Community Policing Outcome Measures
New Outcome Measures for Community Policing: PERF's Perspectives Revisited
Common Outcomes in the Community Policing Literature
Common Methods of Data Collection to Determine Community Policing Effectiveness
Direct Observation
Focus Group Interviews
Survey Research
Official Records
Social and Physical Disorder Inventory
Multiple Sources of Evidence: Triangulation
An Illustration of an Outcome Evaluation: The El Paso Police Department
Was the PAR Program a Success?
 
12. Predicting Long-Term Community Policing Success
The Success of Community Policing in Four Cities
Internal Changes Necessary for the Long-Term Success of Community Policing
The Community Role in Community Policing
Community Policing Among America's Poor
Successful Community Efforts to Improve Quality of Life
External Obstacles
Conclusion
 
13. The Future of Community Policing
Where Are We Now?
Where Are We Going? The Future of Policing
Positive Forces to the Institutionalization of Community Policing
The Negative Forces of Change
The Uncertain Forces of Institutionalization of Community Policing
The Future Direction of Community Policing: Somewhere in the Middle of the Two Models